S Military - A football star's discharge from military service has drawn global attention to a burning social issue.
By now, most people in South Korea know that victory over Japan in the Asian Games football championship not only won them the gold medal, but also freed Tottenham Hotspur's Son Heung-min from military service. The victory also drew global attention to the social and political crisis in South Korea.
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All South Korean men between the ages of 18 and 35 are in compulsory military service. Most start in their early 20s, drop out of higher education, or delay career entry. For most, conscription involves a five-week induction, followed by about two years of battalion boredom, indoctrination, and short intensive training. We can understand that few people want to serve in the army.
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Son Heung Min during the gold medal match between South Korea and Japan at the Asian Games in Jakarta, Indonesia. (Image: Allsport via Getty)
South Korea is a country experiencing great social changes. Beginning with economic development in the 1980s, political development in the 1990s continued with social changes in the 2000s. However, since the 2010s, youth unemployment, economic instability, gender inequality, corruption, and social inactivity have led to growing social dissatisfaction with the pace of this change.
Critics argue that South Korea's conscription system is more likely to train soldiers in makeup and skin care than prepare them to defend the country.
Conscription is a recurring source of social discontent. Controversies include corruption, easy terms of service for celebrities, dual national service obligations, harassment and outdated exemption criteria.
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Military exemptions are the last point of contention. There are currently no exceptions to conscientious objection, which the government is considering after the Constitutional Court in June 2018 required the government to provide alternatives to national service. Exceptions are limited to being heavily tattooed, overweight, underweight, having certain medical conditions, having foreign citizenship and/or residency, non-Korean ethnicity, and studying in fields of national importance. .
Exemptions are granted to high-performance athletes, artists, classical musicians and dancers, but controversially not to famous pop-culture stars, actors or directors.
Conscription has historically served two primary purposes: national security and nation-building. It can act as an important power bed during national emergencies and play an important social equalizer that strengthens the individual's connection to the nation and society. For many South Koreans, the current form does not fully reflect any of these goals. The debate is emotional and mixed with nationalist rhetoric and political ideology.
On the one hand, there are those who view compulsory military service as a support. This is considered important in the context of the contingency from North Korea's invasion to collapse. It is also considered important in the context of the geopolitical situation between the interests of the United States, Japan, China and Russia.
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Some see conscription as a bulwark to preserve South Korean traditions and society. It promotes social cohesion, consensus, hierarchy and shared national pride. A popular view among those who have completed their service is that the experience "turns boys into men", although it is important to understand and experience South Korea's business and corporate culture.
On the other hand, there are those who think that the current compulsory military service is a hindrance. It is considered outdated and ineffective in the context of national security. Countries facing similar geopolitical situations do not limit service to only half of the population and allow conscientious objection. All Israeli citizens are in compulsory military service, women serve for about two years, and there are exceptions for religious students.
Critics say South Korea's conscription system is more likely to train soldiers in makeup and skin care than to defend the country. Others see conscription as an obstacle to the transformation of South Korean society. It hinders diversity and inclusion, further marginalizes the socially excluded, and above all reinforces entrenched gender inequality.
Reforming South Korea's military service system is a political can of worms with few clear options. Abandoning conscription in favor of expanded professional volunteer service would serve national security purposes, but would serve no nation-building purposes at the same time. Turning conscription into a non-compulsory, better-paid reserve service would serve national security and nation-building purposes, but would exacerbate social and economic inequality. Transforming conscription into a modern institution would serve nation-building goals such as enhancing diversity and promoting gender equality, but would ignore national security goals.
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Moon Jae's administration is currently planning to reduce mandatory military service to 18 months. Against the background of recent events, an order was given to revise the system of exemption from military service. Both plans are already fraught with controversy, and there is little political will to push for further reforms.
With the decrease in the birth rate; The ever-present threat of North Korea, even if so far mitigated; and passionate social dissatisfaction with its management; conscription will remain a social and political issue for South Korea, but not for Tottenham Hotspur or Son Heung-min.
South Korea's next president, Moon Jae-in, supports a highly proactive stance against North Korea, which could plunge US relations into crisis as the Trump administration takes a tough stance against the regime. Did you know there is an alphabet? It is a special phonetic alphabet used for communication by radio and other devices. Alphabet was created to improve communication between members.
A phonetic alphabet is a set of 26 words used to write letters for radio or telephone communication. This system helps ensure clarity and accuracy in communication, especially in noisy or difficult environments. The phonetic alphabet consists of the standard English alphabet and some additional words specific to usage. Some of these words are "Alpha", "Bravo" and "Charlie".
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Each word in the phonetic alphabet corresponds to a letter in the regular English alphabet. All members are taught this phonetic alphabet when they join the service to ensure everyone uses the same pronunciation guide.
This alphabet is also known as the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet (IRSA). It was established by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
IRSA is used to write words and letters over the radio. This helps avoid confusion between similar sounding words. Although the first official version of the alphabet was used in 1913, it was adopted in 1927. The current version, which also has the NATO alphabet and is used by NATO countries, was adopted in 1957.
During World War II, the United States used a modified version of the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet (JANAP). It was adopted in 1941 and continued in use until it was officially replaced by IRSA in 1957. Today, the only parts of JANAP's World War II-era alphabet still in use are "Charlie," "Mike," "Victor," and "X-Ray."
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The alphabet is often used for acronyms of slang terms. For example, Bravo Zulu or "BZ" is used to express general acceptance or gratitude. The phrase originated in the British Royal Navy and has since been used by navies and navies around the world.
To see the alphabet in action, see a glossary of abbreviations and a glossary of terms and slang.
You can contact recruiters from different branches. Learn about the benefits of paying to serve your country, paying for school, career paths and more - register now and hear from a recruiter near you.
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