M82a1 Sniper Rifle - "G82" and "Barrett .50" redirect here. For the car, see BMW M4. For other uses, see Barrett (disambiguation).
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M82a1 Sniper Rifle
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The Barrett M82 (standardized by the US Army as the M107) is a recoil operated semi-automatic anti-materiel rifle developed by the American company Barrett Firearms Manufacturing.
The weapon is classified in three variants: the original M82A1 (and M82A3) models, the M82A2 bullpup model, and the Barrett M107A1, with a built-in muzzle brake (designed to accept a suppressor and made of titanium instead of steel). The M82A2 is no longer manufactured, although the XM500 may be its successor.
Barrett Firearms Manufacturing was founded by Ronnie Barrett for the sole purpose of building semi-automatic rifles chambered for the powerful 12.7 × 99mm (.50 BMG) NATO ammunition, originally developed and used in the M2 Browning machine gun. The weapon was first sold to the Swedish military in 1989. In 1990, the US Army acquired the M82A1 during operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm in Kuwait and Iraq. About 125 rifles were initially purchased by the US Marine Corps, and orders from the Army and Air Force soon followed. The M82A1 is known to the US military as SASR - "Special Applications Scoped Rifle",
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Barrett M82 rifles have been purchased by various military and police forces in at least 30 countries, including Belgium, Chile, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Indonesia, Italy, Jamaica, Mexico, the Netherlands,
The Barrett M82A1 rifle was used in 2002 as a platform for the experimental OSW (Objective Sniper Weapon) prototype. This gun was fitted with a shorter barrel and fired 25mm high explosive shells designed for the 25×59mm OCSW (Objective Crew Served Weapon) grade automatic launcher. The experimental OSW showed increased effectiveness against various targets, but the recoil was beyond human limitations. This weapon, also known as Barrett's "Payload Rifle", is now called the XM109.
The Provisional IRA smuggled a number of M82s into Ireland from the US in the 1980s, manufactured and sold in part by a gunsmith and former employee of Barrett Firearms in Texas. One of the M82s was sent in pieces from Chicago to Dublin, where it was reassembled.
Later reinforced with a pair of M90s bought in the US from an arms dealer in 1995.
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Snipers usually shoot at their targets from a distance of less than 300 meters, despite the weapons' effective range of 1,800 meters.
In 2021, Barrett and nine other US arms manufacturers were named in a lawsuit filed by the Mexican government in the US District Court for the District of Massachusetts, seeking $10 billion in damages.
The Mexican government has claimed that the Barrett M82 is one of the weapons of choice for drug cartels. According to Romain Le Cour Grandmaison, an expert interviewed by Reuters, the M82 upset the balance of power between criminals and poorly equipped police forces.
The XM107 was originally intended to be a bolt-action sniper rifle, and the Barrett M95 rifle was originally selected by the US Army in a competition between such weapons. However, during the trials it was decided that the US military did not actually need such a weapon.
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The Army settled on the Barrett M82, a semi-automatic rifle. In the summer of 2002, the M82 finally came out of its Army testing phase and was approved for "full material release", which means that it was officially adopted as the long-range, .50-caliber, M107 sniper rifle. The M107 uses a Leupold 4.5–14×50 Mark 4 scope.
The Barrett M107 is a .50-caliber, shoulder-fired, semi-automatic sniper rifle. Like its predecessors, the rifle is said to have manageable recoil for a gun of its size due to the force-absorbing barrel assembly that moves in the receiver against large springs with each shot. Additionally, the weight and large muzzle brake also help reduce recoil. Several changes were made to the original M82A1 to create the M107, with new features such as an illuminated accessory rail, a back grip, and a monopod socket. Barrett was asked to develop a lightweight version of the M107 under the Congressional Anti-Material Sniper Rifle Program and has already submitted a scheme to build important parts such as the receiver frame and muzzle brake from lightweight materials.
The Barrett M107, like previous members of the M82 line, is also referred to as the Barrett "Light Fifty". The designation has in many cases replaced the previous one, with the M107 being chosen as one of the top 10 military investments of 2005 by the US Army.
The US Army and Marine Corps plan another Barrett rifle, the Mk22 MRAD, in 2021 to replace the M107. The Mk22 is a multi-caliber bolt action rifle that is a powerful replacement for the M107 chambered in .338 Norma Magnum.
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The M82 is a short-recoil semi-automatic firearm. When the gun is fired, the barrel initially moves a short distance (about 25 mm) while being well locked by the rotating bolt. After a short stroke, the lower part of the accelerator arm, which is held by the upper part of the receiver, is already hanging on the bolt carrier, and the middle part is struck against the barrel of a rod on the bolt carrier, moving part of the bolt. the recoil energy of the barrel on the bolt to reliably cycle and lock out of the barrel. The screw is lifted by turning the curved cam track on the bolt carrier. The barrel is stopped by the combined action of the accelerator, shock fire and muzzle brake and the bolt continues to the rear to extract and eject a spt case.
On its return stroke, the bolt pulls the fresh cartridge from the box magazine and feeds it into the chamber and finally into the barrel. The striker is also stored on the return stroke of the bolt. The weapon is fed from a large detachable box magazine that holds up to t rounds, although a rare twelve-round magazine was developed for use during Operation Desert Storm in 1991.
The receiver consists of two parts (top and bottom), stamped in sheet metal and connected with cross pins. The heavy barrel is said to improve heat dissipation and save weight, and is equipped with a large and effective reactive muzzle brake. The muzzle brakes of earlier models had a round cross-section; later M82 rifles are equipped with two-chamber brakes of rectangular cross-section.
The M82A1 rifles are equipped with sight mounts and collapsible spare iron sights, should the glass sight break. US military M82 rifles are usually equipped with Leupold brand 4 telescopic sights. The M82A1M (USMC M82A3) rifles have long Picatinny accessory rails mounted and US optics telescopic sights. Each M82 rifle is equipped with a collapsible carry and a collapsible bipod (both are removable on the M82A3). The M82A3 is also equipped with a detachable rear monopod under the stock. The buttpad is equipped with a soft recoil pad to further reduce felt recoil. The M82A1 and M82A3 rifles could be mounted on the M3 or M122 infantry tripods (originally intended for machine guns) or on vehicles with the special Barrett mount. The M82A1 can be equipped with a sling, but according to those who have carried it in the field, the M82 is too awkward to be carried in a sling due to its excessive length and weight. It is usually carried in a special soft or hard case.
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The M82A2 differs from the M82A1 mainly in its configuration; the pistol grip together with the trigger was placed in front of the magazine, and the butt under the receiver, just after the magazine. A forward grip was added under the receiver and the scope mount was moved forward.
The maximum effective range of the M107 is 1,830 m (2,000 yd). The maximum range of this weapon (specifically the M107 variant) is 4,400 yd (4,000 m), as stated in the owner's manual. Fifty caliber rounds (and larger) have the ability to travel great distances when fired in a similar manner to artillery (with a high angle, creating an indirect fire situation), which requires observing safety margins very extensively when firing on a shooting range. .
On February 26, 2016, the US state of Tennessee named the Barrett Model M82 as the official state rifle.
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